The visionaries

The Visionaries (Les Visionnaires), first staged before Cardinal Richelieu in 1637, achieved enormous popularity with Parisian audiences during its author's lifetime (1595-1676), before tastes changed with the advent of neo-classicism. Ironically, the comedy itself is concerned with the vanity of literary fashions, as well as with forms of what has come to be known as "self-fashioning" but which the author groups under the heading of self-deluding folly (the primary meaning of the title).

Apart from poetry and riches, the other satirical targets exemplify the follies of love and war, so the range of human imaginative activities is pretty well covered. This is done by way of a typical comic plot-a father with daughters to marry off-which self-destructs without reaching its generically determined conclusion, since the daughters and their eligible suitors all reject the idea of marriage. Instead, they prefer to remain within their private fantasies, which prove as irresi